If you see a black man and a white man touching anywhere other than a
sports venue in the United States, most likely they're lovers. Or so
I've always joked. Well, actually, always assumed. Straight men in this
country still rarely stray across the black-white divide when looking
for friendship, while for gay men race has more often been a lure than
an obstacle.
Black and white gay men seem not just to be together, but more
prominent than ever—from the sexy pair on Six Feet Under to
Lawrence and Garner, the two whose sex life the Supreme Court glowingly
affirmed when it declared sodomy laws unconstitutional. This summer, New
York City's Men of All Colors Together (MACT/NY) and the National
Association of Black & White Men Together (BWMT) will celebrate their
25th anniversaries.
While black-and-white couples remain rare in the U.S., a new analysis
of Census 2000 data indicates that same-sex cohabiting couples are much
more likely to be interracial than their different-sex counterparts.
The study, by UCLA School of Law's Williams Project, reveals that 12
percent of gay couples are mixed compared with 7 percent of straight
ones. This difference holds up when you control for age, education, and
urban living, factors that correlate with interracial coupling and
distinguish gay from straight. The bulk of these couples are
Latino-white (43 percent), distantly followed by black-white (14
percent), Asian Pacific Islander-white (11 percent), and black-Latino (3
percent). This pretty much mirrors the breakdown for straight couples,
except that significantly more interracial gay couples than straight are
black-white (14 percent versus 9 percent).
Why do gays engage in more mixed-race loving? Well, as a WGM
(discounting my Native American grandfather and occasional crushes on
the opposite sex) who has coupled with BGMs (discounting those who were
actually biracial and the one who just married a woman), my initial
response was that we are less prejudiced. Having overcome one form of
bigotry, our eyes open to the irrationality of others.
But then this Christmas, guess who? My sister brought her black
boyfriend home. Sitting with my black boyfriend, I started to get
the creeps. Growing up in Missouri, my best friend had siblings who all
married blacks. I had dismissed their partnering choices as a
manifestation of the hyper-sexuality that whites in this country have
projected onto blacks. Was I no better? Even after all those African
American studies courses in college?
Come to think of it, given my friends' reactions to my partners, I
can't say the LGBT community goes easy on interracial couples. Or maybe
I just don't understand the more positive nuances of "dinge queen." Even
friends who haven't directly criticized my partner choices hardly let
them go unnoticed. Most dismissively generalize that I'm "into black
men" based on a sample of one.
And I can't say my responses to them indicate an untroubled mind.
When I was younger, I'd defensively counter with an exaggerated list of
my white partners. Later, I deployed the model-U.N. defense: "But I've
dated Asians, Latinos, and a member of the Andorran petite nobility!"
More recently, I quietly but firmly state that surely their exclusive
same-race dating pattern requires as much interrogation as mine.
As long as I'm confessing, I've always judged BWMT the way my friends
judged me. I've never hesitated to join a group organized around
same-sex loving. So what's my problem with one organized around
different-race loving?
Maybe our community's race-based preferences are as suspect as my
friends assume. Could it be that a larger percentage of gays than
straights are inclined to get off on racial-sexual stereotypes just like
a larger percentage live a life of leather? Thumb through the personal
ads in any gay rag and you'll see we're not bashful about cataloging our
desires with labels like Big Black Top, Hot Latino, White Bottom, and
Submissive Asian.
When you divide the boys from the girls, Census 2000 data indicate
that gay men's partner choices account for more of the difference
between queer and straight interracial coupling. This may be because the
dominant gay male culture exaggerates the broader culture's definition
of whiteness as beauty. I attribute this, like most bad things, to gay
porn.
According to John R. Burger's exhaustive study (the poor guy
studiously watched thousands of videos) One-Handed Histories: The
Eroto-Politics of Gay Male Video Pornography, until 1980 our porn
reflected our rainbow—race, age, hairiness, and all. Then came the VCR
and bam!, a couple of guys in the Valley monopolized gay video
production. As it turns out, they both dug young white jocks and
force-fed us their preference for the next decade. Today, we're all
lifting, waxing, and Botoxing like mad.
OK, it may not be completely their fault, but the dominance of the
porn star look could lead more gay men of color to prefer whites over
each other. Census data provide some support for this: Blacks, Latinos,
and API gay men have higher rates of out-coupling than their straight
counterparts. The most extreme example: 40 percent of API gay men
out-couple, compared to 11 percent percent of API married men.
In fact, it may be that we have more interracial relationships not
because we're less racist but because we've yet to face the real race
taboo: marriage. Studies of unwed interracial hetero couples indicate
that concern about their families' prejudice and possible discrimination
against their unborn children are the main reasons they don't marry.
Census data confirm mixed-race couples are less likely to be married
than same-race couples. When you separate straight couples into the
married and unmarried, the unmarried are twice as likely to be
interracial (14 percent versus 7 percent). Which means that unmarried
(by definition in 2000) same-sex couples have no greater propensity to
interracially couple than unmarried straights.
Here too, it appears, "calling it marriage" matters. Until gay men
and lesbians have equal access to marriage and child raising, we won't
really know if we'll do any better than the straights.
At bottom, choosing a mate is a highly individualized and muddled
process. While a racial fetish or color blindness may get you from the
bar to the bedroom, it's not going to get you through the drive home
from Thanksgiving with his resentful maiden aunts. The same-sex census
couples are cohabiting after all, and more than a quarter of them have
been together for over five years.
Instead of homosexuality heightening racial tolerance or
racial-sexual fantasies, I think our greater propensity to interracially
couple is due to our smaller population size and our shared queer
experience. According to Rachel F. Moran in her book Interracial
Intimacy: The Regulation of Race and Romance, straights (she never
mentions same-sex couples) have been slow to couple across race lines
because our society is still so racially segregated. If they don't meet
at work or in their grocery stores or bars, how can they hook up?
Historically, gays just haven't had the numbers to live apart. Using
the best estimates available, there are about 281 million of them and 6
million of us. We are more likely to interracially couple for the same
reason different-sex Hawaiian couples (a whopping 30 percent) do.
Because of our limited and somewhat isolated pool, we're thrown together
more and don't have as much latitude to exercise our same-race
preferences.
Even if straights were thrown in one another's way more, they
wouldn't have nearly as much to talk about. Whether swapping coming-out,
HIV infection, or recovery stories, we have shared experiences that cut
across racial lines. Gay proms and student groups aside, most of us have
lived lives that distance us from our racial communities and pull us
toward each other. And for some of us, particularly whites who tend to
take whiteness for granted, sexual orientation is more central to our
identity than race.
The summer I worked in Greenville, Mississippi (civil rights, of
course), just one month after coming out, illustrates my points. There
were no gays in Greenville and nightlife revolved around the gas station
that sold Slurpees. Not a good location for a gay awakening. Then
suddenly, at midsummer, my employer made a crack about the town's
whistling, black homeless man. Turns out "Pepsi" was Greenville's only
known homosexual. We never hooked up, but that may be because I never
saw him again—despite my vigilant lookout. As my employer's jokes kept
rolling, I felt closer to the vanished Pepsi than anyone else on that
mosquito-encrusted delta. Fifteen years later, I still feel a tie
between Pepsi and me.
OK, maybe Greenville is extreme. But according to demographer Gary
Gates, Census 2000 identified same-sex couples in all but a handful of
U.S. counties (mostly in Nebraska) no matter how unpopulated. And even
smaller cities have a limited number of gay institutions that serve to
corral us together.
In Kansas City in the '80s, there was only one good gay dance club,
the Edge. So we all went there: lesbians and gay, black and white, young
and old, the trannies and the wheelchaired. My interracial dating began
at the Edge. While I was clinging to my goth "girlfriend" and trying to
look world-weary at 17, a black boy strode over and asked, "So, are you
gay?"
"No."
"Too bad."
The idea that someone could be disappointed that I was not gay
sparked a revolution in my worldview and self-image.
While our limited numbers and shared experience seem the most
compelling explanation for our greater propensity toward mixed-race
coupling, our behavior once we get to the big cities is not encouraging.
The moment we reach critical mass, we resegregate.
Here in New York, to shuttle between Sprung, Papi-licious, Habibi, G,
and the Web is to move between worlds.
This spring, Badlands, a bar in San Francisco's Castro district, was
accused of scrutinizing the bags and IDs of black patrons more closely
than those of whites. This is the very problem that led to BWMT's
creation in 1980.
I'm not saying we haven't come a long way. But being gay is not
do-it-yourself sensitivity training. Ironically, the more political
progress we achieve—the easier it is to be out—the more our rainbow may
be in danger. As we become more like, and liked, by straights, we risk
losing one of the forced treasures of being small and apart: those
dancefloors, meeting rooms, and parades where we became people of all
colors together.